Table of Contents - Volume 10 Number 2

This paper we investigated on quantum theory in detail about subjects such as causality, locality and hidden variable, then assuming variables of bell inequality locality-causality. As a result, achieved to quantum theory and by use of entanglement state applied some examples as a sample for Violation of third generalization bell inequality in quantum theory.

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In this present work, the effect of tin additions was studied on age hardening behaviour of AZ92 magnesium base alloy by hardness and metallographic measurements. For this, three alloys, AZ92, AZ92+ Sn (3%) and AZ92+ Sn (6%) were produced by the sand casting process in the foundry. In tin containing alloys, the tin is added in AZ92 alloys by an amount, 3% and 6% respectively. Samples of these alloys were solution treated at 400ºC for 24 hrs and subsequently aged at 150ºC, 200ºC and 250ºC for various times and ageing plots were obtained by Rockwell hardness measurements. Further Microstructure and XRD analysis were carried out on samples in peak aged condition. The hardness in all these cases increased to peak value.

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The present paper reports the thermoluminescence characteristics of Feldspar, Alumina  and Quartz minerals collected from the ceramic tiles manufacturing unit, Morbi. As the received minerals TL was recorded (NTL), and annealed and quenched from 500^oC followed by 25Gy beta dose given from Sr-90 beta source TL was recorded and the comparative TL (Thermoluminescencs Study) study of above materials are presented and it represent  some special characteristics of the materials.

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Electromagnetic (EM) field intensities happen to exist as solutions of Maxwell’s equations in a three dimensional space. In the present paper an attempt has been made to determine the components of EM field intensities belonging to a pair of groove regions adjacent to a convex triangular prism. Field intensities are supposed to be longitudinal symmetry and the triangular prism forms a part of an echellete grating of fixed period. Two existence theorem regarding longitudinal symmetric electric intensity vector and magnetic intensity vector associated with time dependent spherical wave have been established. Finally, the expression for the current density associated with the prism has been derived.

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Using the principles of quantum theory, quantum computers can solve the problem in encryption .We'll examine the security of quantum key distribution with Between quantum theory and relativity in the entanglement state of their validity and the generalization of  Bell's inequality and its violation .Finally, we discuss examples of quantum cryptography experiments.

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In this work the mechanical and microstructure properties were studied on AZ92 alloy with the tin additions as an allowing element in as cast condition. In tin containing alloys, the tin were added in AZ92 alloys in two amounts, 3% and 6% respectively. The alloys were casted by the sand casting process in the foundry in the form of tensile test specimens. After sand casting the test samples were further analysed by chemical analysis, metallographic, XRD, Grain size measurement, Rockwell hardness and Yield strength Measurements. The effect of tin additions from the results analysis reveals the reduction in grain sizes as well as improvement in Rockwell hardness and yield strengths in tin containing AZ92 alloys as compared to AZ92 alloy.

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Ballizing Process

The analysis of this work was based on oil has significant effect on the surface finish as compared with kerosene, graphite by weight in oil as a lubricant. A pre-machined surface roughness could be finished and improved surface hardness was obtained.It was found that the response surface model made it possible to visualize overall metal cutting economy and to study optimum conditions of Ball burnishing. The result was improved fatigue life. Using  factorial design, the surface roughness models were obtained. The Ball burnishing parameters(for force evaluation )considered were speed, feed and the force. The result obtained was improved surface finish by force and lubricant. Alloy Al material can not be machined properly on conventional and even on CNC machine.The balls are located inside, are made of hard material The balls are free to move with the movement of the work piece due to frictional engagement between their surfaces. When balls are pressed against the surface of metallic specimen, the compresses pre-calibrated springs. The springs are used to reduce the possible sticking effect of the Balls and also to measure the applied vertical Ball burnishing force with help of the depth nut. Rotating in the clockwise direction, the load is applied on spring through steel body. This tool includes ball bearings and flat-ended springs. The finishing  and Ball burnishing tool is designed in a simple manner so that it can be mounted easily on lathe machine. The analysis of variance technique The trial numbers  were at corner points and obtained by varying high and low values of the diffrent parameters (for force evaluation). Centre points were obtained by keeping parameters (for force evaluation) at centre values to minimize the error under dynamic loads are based on inducing residual compressive force per unit area in the boundary layer. These include heat treatments such as hardening and Nitriding but also shot peening and ball Ballizing. Chip removal processes such as up cut milling or a well-matched grinding process can also induce significant residual compressive force per unit area in a component. It is only in the case of deep rolling that all three effects combine whereby this process can bring  about extraordinary high increases in dynamic strength. Ball rolling can be applied to all  metallic materials. The areas of application currently extend from steels and cast materials to lightweight alloys such as Aluminium Alloy, and mild steel.

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