Table of Contents - Volume 8 Number 1

In this paper, we propose adaptive K-means algorithm upon the principal component analysis PCA feature extraction to pattern recognition by using a neural network model. Adaptive k-means to discriminate among objects belonging to different groups based upon the principal component analysis PCA implemented for statistical feature extraction. The features extracted by PCA consistently reduction dimensional algorithm, thus demonstrating that the suite of structure detectors effectively performs generalized feature extraction. The classification accuracies achieved using feature learning process of back propagation neural network . A comparison of the proposed adaptive and previous non-adaptive ensemble is the primary goal of the experiments. We evaluated the performance of the clustering ensemble algorithms by matching the detected and the known partitions of the iris dataset. The best possible matching of clusters provides a measure of performance expressed as the misassignment rate.

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In this work we consider a principally new statistical approach to the theory of processes of transport in a two-phase condensed environment with randomly distributed non-uniform surface structure. Taking this approach as a base, we considered diffusion in a chaotic porous environment. Such a structure is described with the aid of a curvilinear orthogonal coordinates system natural for geometrical porous surface. The method of averaging the diffusion equation is developed. The equations for average diffused concentration in a porous surface of a solution of ionic components are obtained. These equations take into account the local characteristics of the structure of the environment. In general, this approach is applicable to other equations describing the transport of substance, charge and electromagnetic field in the environment with random interior.

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2-(N-phthalimido)ethyl methacrylate was prepared by the reaction of methacrylic acid with N-(2-hydroxyethyl)phthalimide in presence of N,N?-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The monomer reactivity ratios for copolymerization reactions of 2-(N-phthalimido)ethyl methacrylate with methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and styrene, respectively, in solution with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator, were estimated by nitrogen analysis. The structure of the copolymers was investigated by IR spectroscopy. The Q and e values for 2-(N-phthalimido)ethyl methacrylate were calculated. Some of the synthesized polymers were tested for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.

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The effect of processing parameters an abrasion wear resistance of AA5083 joints produced by FSW was analyzed in this study. Welding speed and rotational speed were the considered parameters studied in this investigation at five levels for each one. The result of this study showed that the abrasion wear resistance of the stir zone increased with increasing welding speed and it increased with decreasing rotational speed. And that welding speed is more significant than rotational speed. Also, the interaction effect of welding speed and rotational speed is not significant.

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The Fe₃Pt alloy thin films were grown on MgO substrates at the various growth temperatures by e-beam evaporation in a high vacuum. The magnetic properties such as saturation magnetization, coercivity, magnetic anisotropy etc. of the Fe₃Pt alloy thin films were studied as a function of temperature varying in the range of 80K to 600K. At low temperature (80K), the Fe₃Pt films possessed giant cubic magnetic anisotropy (K₁≈7×10⁶ erg/cc and K₂≈2.2×10⁷ erg/cc). The magnetic anisotropy constants of Fe₃Pt films were found to decrease slowly with temperature and vanished at Curie temperature. The Curie temperature of Fe₃Pt thin films were also studied as a function of ordering. It was observed that higher ordered sample exhibited lower Curie temperature. PACS : 75.30.Gw

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The bending strength of composite made from fly ash and glass waste can be improved by controlling chemical composition of the raw materials and sintering temperatures. In this study, the composites made from mixture of various weight fractions between fly ash (FA) and glass waste (GL). Each mixture was uni-axially pressed with various compacting pressures to produce green body. The formed green body was then sintered at various temperatures from 900 °C to 1100°C for 2h. From the experimental result, it shows that the bending strength of composite fly ash and glass waste is highly varied based on the weight fraction of glass waste content, sintering temperatures and compacting pressures. The highest bending strength value is 44.53 MPa obtained from specimen that contains 50 (% wt.) of glass waste with sintering temperature of 1050 °C and compacting pressure of 130 MPa. A thermal shock test was performed on the specimen composites of 50FA-50GL by heating up to various temperatures and followed by quenching (rapid cooling) to water media. Bending test was then done on the thermal shocked specimen. The bending strength of specimen decreases sharply around 80.93 % from its original strength when subjected to temperature gradient (ΔT) of 285 °C.

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The focus of this research work is the derivation of a class of Adams-like collocation multistep methods of orders not exceeding p=9. Numerical quadrature rule is used to derive steps k= 3,...,8 of the Adams methods. Convergence of each formula derived is established in this paper. As a numerical experiment, the step six pair of the Adams method so derived was used as predictor-corrector pair to solve a non-stiff initial value problem. The absolute errors show an accuracy of o(h⁷).

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This Paper Present a simulation for design of spear for nozzle by applying computational fluid dynamics analysis and using ANSYS software. With the development of high speed computers and advancement in numerical techniques detail flow analysis of the desired model can be done for design optimization. The design can be altered till the best performance or desired output is obtained. This is less time consuming.

CFD can provide the solution for different operating condition and geometry configuration in less time and cost and found very useful for design and development.

In the present work, three shapes of spear at different mass flow rates have been analysed using ANSYS-CFX 10 software, the pressure and velocity distribution are obtained and compared. Using the analysis result, the loss variations with the nozzles for different spear shapes are computed. The results are presented in tabular and graphical form.

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In this study finite element analyses of rod extrusion process are carried out considering various processing parameters. The objective is to study the effect of these parameter on mechanical properties. Eighty one cases are simulated and corresponding stress; plastic strain and load distribution are critically examined. Based on these results, salient conclusions are drawn.

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Moving wave front have been investigated in acrylic acid / benzoyl peroxide / N, N-dimethyl aniline system in a test tube at 30oC temperature. Dependence of front velocity on initial concentration of benzoyl peroxide, and effect of hydroquinone was determined. Consumption of acrylic acid and benzoyl peroxide have been found to decrease exponentially with respect to front position. The variation of reaction temperature with respect to front position at different initial concentration of benzoyl peroxide and different initial starting temperature have been investigated. It has been established that the reaction temperature increases and attains a maximum value by increasing both benzoyl peroxide and initial reaction temperature. The rate of polyacrylic acid chain propagation has been determined.

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This paper reports electrical conductivity (s) and Seebeck coefficient (s) study on rare-earth nickelates RNiO₃ where R = Nd, Sm and Eu in the temperature range 400-1200 K. They have orthorhombic unit cell. The majority charge carriers are holes throughout the measurement. Both s and S variations show three regions. In higher temperature region (Above 1000K) dominant conduction mechanism is intrisic band type whereas below this temperature, hopping of holes from Ni³⁺ to Ni²⁺ centres takes place. In lower temperature region, the electrical conductions is taken over by acceptor type impurities. The conduction mechanism is explained on the basis of every band model. Break temperatures as well as mobility have also been evaluated.

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Present work reports the dielectric, thermal and FTIR studies of Co²⁺: MHMH single crystal for the first time. The influence of addition of transition metal ions on the dielectric properties, like dielectric constant, loss tangent,a.c. conductivity and activation energy of these crystals was discussed. FTIR studies confirm the presence of carboxylate ions. The melting point of the sample and final product after decomposition are studied using TG/DTA. 

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Polycrystalline samples of La1.8Sr0.20Cu1-yMnyO4 (0≤y≤0.15) were synthesized by solid state reaction method. The phase purity was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. The scanning electron microscopy was done on the La_1.8Sr_0.20Cu1-yMnyO4 (0≤y≤0.15) samples. The superconductivity and Transition temperature were studied by four probe resistivity temperature method. The transition temperatures were measured nearly 37 k and were unchanged on Mn doping at Cu site in La1.8Sr0.20CuO4.

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Solar energy is an economical alternative to the today's energy demand. Solar air heater is used for heating the air economically but produces low thermal efficiency. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the design of solar heaters to increase the thermal efficiency. The matrix solar air heater with a wire mesh produces higher thermal efficiency over the conventional flat plate solar air heater. The evaluation of different methods for increasing efficiency of packed bed solar air heater has been done . Effect of different parameters on thermal efficiency of solar heater has also been studied.

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Dozens of authors have obtained experimental thermal curves of solid-solid reactions, carried out in bulk. Different mathematical functions were used to obtain fits to the thermal curve data. Polynomials were found to give the best fits to the data. The data may be divided into three types on the basis of the shape of the curves, with one peak, with two peaks and with three peaks. In this preliminary report we present one fitted curve of each of the three types as specimen. The importance of the Thermal Curves is briefly pointed out. A detailed discussion of the large amount of the available data may be taken up later.

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In this work, mixed (Sm_1-xY_x)₂[C₂O₄]₃.nH₂O with x= 0.50 and 0.70 were prepared using standardized co precipitation method. All the synthesized oxalates were characterized by x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimeter. All the samples are homogeneous in stoichiometry. The XRD analysis of these synthesized samples reveals that a solid solution forms for these two compositions The thermal decomposition of the mixed oxalates is complex although completed a lower temperatures. This is an important result for the preparation of Sm-Y mixed oxides, because all the properties of the mixed oxides are intrinsic and depend only on their composition and thermal treatment schedules.

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In this communication, several coplanar wave guide topologies to the hemispherical DR.A are presented. It is seen that the inductive and the circular-loop CPW feed configurations offer the flexibility to excite the fundamental TE₁₁₁ resonant mode of the hemispherical DRA close to the source free resonant frequency, due to the presence of metallization in the coupling region. Dual-band behavior is observed with the capacitive feed due to the DRA and slot resonant modes, which are displaced with respect to the unperturbed modes due to the uninterrupted slot. The radiation characteristics of the antenna arc also explained.

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In this work an attempt has been made for design optimization of composite drive shafts for power transmission applications. The one-piece composite drive shaft is designed to replace conventional steel drive shaft of an automobile using E-glass/epoxy and high modulus carbon/epoxy composites. A solution technique using ansys for design optimization of composites drive shafts is presented here. The purpose of using ansys to minimize the weight of shaft that is subjected to the constrains such as torque transmission. The weight savings of the E-glass/epoxy and corbon/epoxy shaft were 15%and 72%of the steel shaft respectively. Automotive drive Shaft is a very important component of vehicle. The present paper focuses on the design of such an automotive drive shaft by composite materials. Now a day's two pieces steel shaft are used as drive shaft. However the main advantages of the present design is; only one piece of composite drive shaft is possible that fulfill all the requirements of drive shaft. Two different designs are proposed one is purely from E-glass/epoxy and other is using Carbon/epoxy. The basic requirements considered here are torsional strength torsion buckling and bending natural frequency. An optimum design of the draft shaft is done which is cheapest and lightest but meets all of the above load requirements. Progressive failure analysis of the selected design is also done.

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The reaction of Pr (III) and Nd (III) metal ions with some substituted pyrazoles, at 0.1M ionic strength and at 30 ± 0.10C in 70% acetone-water mixture and 70% propanol-water mixture have been studied pH-metrically. The data obtained were used to estimate the values of proton-ligand (pK) and metal-ligand (logK) stability constants in different solvents. It is observed that the pK and logK values in 70% propanol-water mixture are grater than in 70% acetone -water mixture. Pr (III) and Nd (III) metal ions formed 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with all the ligands in both solvent medium.

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The anomalous ultrasonic attenuation of longitudinal wave propagated in KDP and DKDP have been discussed and calculated near Curie-temperature (T_c) in Para- electric phase in the frequency range 5 to 50 MHz. The attenuation of longitudinal waves is primarily due to a strong interaction with thermally excited phonon in the coupled-soft mode. Temperature and frequency variations of attenuation are discussed. Anharmonicity in the crystal potential is essential to discuss (observe) critical attenuation.

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A lot of research is currently being done recycling, into how to reuse the waste we produce in our daily lives. This paper presents some of the results from a continuous study of recycling municipal solid waste ash (MSW-ash) into brick materials. In present study, the mixture of municipal solid waste ash and clay are used to make standard bricks fired at 900?C & 950?C. Physical characteristics including density, firing shrinkage, compressive strength and water absorption test of brick materials are reported and discussed. The results of test indicated that the municipal solid waste ash proportion and firing temperature were the two key factors determining the quality of bricks.

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A new thermo-optoacoustic analysis has been used to detect the photo chemical reactions in medicine ciprofloxacin, a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class. Certain derived optoacoustic parameters of pure medicine and that exposed to solar radiations have been determined as a function of temperature. Plots of these parameters versus temperature have been made. The nature of variation and the relative shift in the curves for the exposed samples compared with the un exposed ones have been used to study photo chemical reactions. The results have been explained in the light of existing theories and confirmed using UV absorption spectra of the samples.

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Mechanical alloying through high energy ball milling was used to produce 40wt.%Ni-Fe alloy powder of average particle sizes 80 μm and 25 μm respectively. High Energy Planetary ball milling at room temperature was performed for various time durations of 16, 32 and 64 hours. Sintering was carried on DR.SINTER.LAB^TM (SPS 515S) machine. Samples were sintered at constant temperature of 650°C and pressure of 30 MPa for all samples. This study exhibits in same alloy, but increases of milling hours, the densification of the sintered samples decreases and also porosity of the sample increases. This may be due to the reasons of increases in the surface area of the milled nanopowder (ie. Reduction of particle size), low green body density of long milling powders by agglomeration of powders and oxidation of powders during a milling process. However, this study revealed that in the same alloy with increasing milling hours, required more temperature and pressure for perfect densification. Densification of 85.4 % was achieved in 16 hours milled sample.

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The molecular vibrations of metformin, one of the important anti-diabetic drugs to treat Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) have been investigated at room temperature by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Fourier transform Raman (FTR) spectroscopies. The solid phase FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of the title compound have been recorded in the regions 4000-400 and 3500-250 cm^-1. A satisfactory band assignment has been made on the fundamental modes of vibration. Employing the ab - initio Hatree –Fock (HF) and Density Function Theory (DFT) methods, the theoretical vibrational frequencies and geometry parameters like bond lengths, bond angles etc have been calculated and compared with the experimental values. HF and DFT calculations were performed using the standard B3LYP/6-31G** method and basis set combination. Optimized geometries were obtained using the global optimization procedure. Theoretical investigations of harmonic vibrational frequencies and thermodynamic properties viz. the zero point vibrational energy (ZPVE), entropy, heat capacity have been carried out. It has been found that both methods gave consistent data for geometric parameters, but DFT yielded vibrational frequencies much closer to the experimental values.

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In this present paper, an FE approach has been presented for the elastic bending and buckling behaviors of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Finite element simulations are carried out to investigate the bending deformations and buckling behaviors of SWCNTs under various conditions. Both axial compression and bending loading conditions are considered. The computed results for SWCNTs agree well with atomistic simulations in the literature and the FE approach is confirmed successfully. In this paper, the steady state structural analysis has been performed to know the strength of the CNTs using shell93 element. For analysis of SWCNT has been considered as cantilever beam and loaded at the free end. SWCNTs with different lengths, different thicknesses under various materials and loadings have been studied. In static analysis, the defections and stress induced are estimated due to axial and bending loads. Under buckling analysis, the buckling factors and corresponding mode shapes are plotted. The displacement response is plotted and reported.

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The effect of radiative heat-loss function on the Jeans instability of an infinitely conducting, homogeneous partially ionized gaseous plasma is investigated. It is assumed that the medium is carrying a uniform magnetic field in the presence of porosity and thermal conductivity. With the help of relevant linearized perturbation equations of the problem, a general dispersion relation is obtained for a such medium using the normal analysis technique, which is reduced for both the transverse and the longitudinal mode of propagation. The longitudinal mode is found to be modified by Alfven speed and parameter of porosity. The thermal mode is obtained separately having the effects of thermal conductivity and arbitrary radiative heat-loss functions. The effect of collision with neutrals and magnetic field have a stabilizing effect, while thermal conductivity has destabilizing influence on the Jeans instability of gaseous plasma. In the transverse mode of propagation, we find the condition of radioactive instability depends on thermal conductivity, magnetic field and the porosity of the medium.

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Six new azopolyamides were synthesized from 2, 2¹–dimethoxy 4, 4¹–diaminoazobenzene [Benzenamine–(3, 3¹– dimethoxy–4, 4¹-azo) bis] condensed with any one of the following diacid chlorides viz. (i) terephthaloyl chloride. (ii) isophthaloyl chloride. (iii) 4, 4¹–azodibenzoyl chloride (iv) 3, 3¹-azo dibenzoyl chloride (v) 4, 4¹–stilbene dicarbonyl chloride and (vi) 4, 4¹–oxydibenzoyl chloride using low temperature solution method. These polyamides were characterized by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA and DTA). Activation energy has been calculated using Murray and white, coats and Redfern, Doyle's, Freeman and Carroll, Ozawa–Flyn–Waal's and modified Coats and Redfern's method.

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films was deposited on p-silicon (Si) substrate from ammonium zincate bath following a chemical dipping technique called SILAR. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates the formation of polycrystalline single phase ZnO with strong c-axis orientation. I-V characteristic of the p-Si/n-ZnO heterojunction was studied and rectification was observed. The maximum value of forward to reverse current ratio at room temperature was ~15 at 3.0 V. It increases to ~30 at 100^oC.

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There are various nonlinear optical materials having crystalline nature and find various applications in science and technology. Tris-thiourea strontium chloride was synthesized and single crystals were grown by the slow solvent evaporation technique using aqueous solvent. The grown crystals were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The FT-IR spectra of these crystals were recorded in the wave number range 400-4000 cm^-1 which reveals the presence of various functional groups. The powder XRD analysis suggested orthorhombic crystal structure.

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