Table of Contents - Volume 3 Number 1a

Carbon nanostructure has an edge over other materials due to their wide range of applications. This is because carbon can form three well known allotropes that are distinguished by different types of electron hybridization viz. diamond, graphite and carbine with sp3-, sp2-, and sp1-, hybridization of carbon atoms, respectively. It has also a stable pn - pn bonding which makes it useful for three to zero dimensional structures with a broad variety of attainable physical, chemical, electronic, optical and low temperature properties. Synthetic procedures of nano-diamond and diamond like carbon (DLC) are discussed with a brief history of their developments. The status of research on nanocrystalline diamond films during last ten years and its possible applications have also been focused in this review. Semiconductor to metal transition with change of film thickness, field emission and the appearance of superconductivity around 4.9K in DLC films incorporated with 60% tungsten (W) showed new road of research with DLC materials.

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Three different procedures are reported for the synthesis of silica nanosphere. In all the method either agglomeration time, addition of hetero atom or use of surfactants plays a vital role. In absence of it give a full fledged crystal. This method is applicable to, irrespect of template, aluminium and silica source. The particles are in nanosphere with size in range from 100 to 500 nm. It is a convenient procedure than the conventional non-aqueous media synthesis.

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A fast and simple method for preconcentration of Ni2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+,Cu2+ and Co2+ from natural water samples was developed. The metal ions were complexed with Natriumdiethyldithiocarbaminat (Na-DDTC) then adsorbed onto octadecyl silica membrane disk, recoverd and determined by FAAS. Extraction efficiency, influence of sample volume and eluent flow rates, pH, amount of Na-DDTC, nature and amount of eluent for elution of metal ions from membrane disk, break through volume and limit of detection have been evaluated. The effect of foreign ions on the percent recovery of heavy metal ions have also been studied. The limit of detection of the proposed method for Ni2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Co2+was found to be 2.03, 0.47, 3.13, 0.44, 1.24 and 2.05 ng.mL-1, respectively. The proposed (DDTC) method has been successfully applied to the recovery and determination of heavy metal ions in different water samples.

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Benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, C8H9N3S crystals are rectangular plate-like ortho-rhombic structure. The compound undergoes complexation with transition metal ions. Experimental X-ray data of this compound is available which promoted us to study its theoretical parameters like bond length, bond angle, electron density, and general thermodynamic parameters using AM1, PM3, MNDO semi-empirical and 3-21G, 6-31G, and STO-3G ab-initio methods. For bond lengths, the correlation coefficient obtained for AM1, PM3, MNDO methods are 0.921, 0.929, 0.945 and for 3-21G, 6-31G, STO-3G methods are 0.984, 0.983, 0.906 respectively. Out of the three semi-empirical methods MNDO produces most satisfactory correlation (CC=0.945) between experimental and calculated bond length. In the case of bond angles, correlation coefficients are 0.423, 0.363, 0.551 for AM1, PM3, MNDO methods and for 3-21G, 6-31G, STO-3G methods the correlation coefficients are 0.547, 0.418 and 0.612 respectively. Thus for bond angles MNDO and STO-3G methods give most satisfactory correlation (cc=0.551, 0.612). Electronic charge and atom electron density data reveal the coordination sites of benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone when it undergoes complexation with transition metal ions. Out of three nitrogen atoms N (9) thioamide nitrogen carried more electron density. Thus, performance of semi-empirical AM1, PM3, MNDO and 3-21G, 6-31G, STO-3G ab-initio methods has been tested to find the best auxiliary tool for geometry & electron densities.

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Amide-water mixtures with sulfate and acetate have been employed for nickel electrodeposition. Improved physicomechanical properties were related to the presence of amide as cosolvent. Bright, though in some cases highly stressed, deposits were obtained under direct current. Pulse current applications reduced stress and in some cases bright nickel electrodeposits having low stress were obtained. In particular, pulse reverse waveform in millisecond range was found effective. Effects of cathodic or anodic current density, duration of pulse waveform, frequency and temperature on the quality of deposits have been reported. Auger spectra and thermogravimetric analyses of bright nickel deposits revealed pure nickel without inclusion. Support to the brightening theory, where layer of colloidal particles formed near the cathode is captured by a catalytically generated hydrogen film, is thus obtained. A bright nickel foil obtained by dissolving the substrate (brass) proved to be of high strength. This foil was electrodeposited from dimethylformamide-water bath under pulse reverse current waveform.

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The electrical transport properties in Al/Bi/Ge alloy systems have been examined in this study at electric field values 0.20 – 0.65 V/m. Powdered samples of the various elements were mixed together in a borosilicate tube which were enclosed in furnace and heated from room temperature to about 700oC to form molten alloy. The melted samples were homogenized at this temperature for about three hours after which the furnace was switched off and the samples allowed to cool down gradually to room temperature. The results of the study showed that the conductivity of the samples increases with increase in temperature and fractional concentration of Ge. An insignificant deviation from the dependence a(T) a exp(1/T) within the temperate 303 – 353 K was observed. This indicates that the electrical behavior of the samples followed the Arrhenius relation s = soexp (-eo/kT) typical of semiconductor materials. The variation of conductivity with temperature revealed a wide variation in thermal activation energy sensitive to temperature and concentration of the samples. The values of the calculated activation energies and the general electrical properties exhibited by the system in the study showed that the alloy materials are comparable with most semiconductor materials that are hitherto being studied due to their numerous and attractive applications in solar cell development and thermo electric device applications.

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Co, Ni and Cu complexes have been prepared by reacting metal chloride with the ligands of 2-formylpyridine oxime, 2-formylpyridine semicarbazone and 2-formylpyridine phenylhydrazone 1:2, and their antibacterial activity have been studied and compared with their ligands against P. aeruginosa which gave significant results of activity.

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The experimental value of densities and viscosities of binary mixtures of propyl acetate
With butan-1-ol, pentan-1-ol and hexan-1-ol have been measured over the entire range of
composition at ( 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 ) K and at atmospheric pressure. From these
value of density and viscosity the excess molar volume (V), deviation in viscosity () have been
calculated. The excess molar volumes and deviations in viscosity are fitted to Redlich – Kister
polynominal equation.

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The present study deals with the FTIR and Laser Raman Spectrum of 1,2-dichloro-4-fluoro-5- nitrobenzene which have been recorded in the region 4000-400 cm-1 and 4000-50 cm-1 respectively. Both the spectrum have been analyzed on the basis of Cs point group symmetry and the observed bands have been assigned to the different specific modes of vibrations. The assignment of FTIR and Laser Raman bands of the said molecule are made on the basis of magnitude and relative intensities of the observed bands. The assignment made for complex molecule under investigation are in good agreement with the earlier work on some benzene derivatives.

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The ultrasonic velocity of the solutions of iron (III) soaps (Caprate, Laurate and Myristate) were carried out in a mixture of benzene and methanol (50:50 v/v) at a constant temperature. The data obtained have been used to evaluate the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and to study the soap-soap and soap – solvent interactions. The various acoustic parameters, viz adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, apparent molar compressibility, specific acoustic impedance, molar sound velocity and solvation number were evaluated. The results show that the values of CMC are in agreement with the values obtained from other micellization properties.

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Samples were prepared for the estimation of Black Carbon (BC). Prepared samples were subjected to elemental analyzer for the concentration of Black carbon. These samples were collected from the different locations of Venezuelan coastan area. Beside the BC estimation some of the samples have also been analyzed for organic carbon (OC) by colourimetric and titration (Walkly and Black) methods.

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Friction condition between deforming tool and workpiece in metal forming are of the greatest importance concerning a number of factors such as force and made of deformation, properties of the finished specimen and resulting surface roughness. The relative velocity between the workpiece material and the die surface together with high interfacial pressure and/or deformation modes will create the conditions essential for adhesion in addition to sliding.

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Characterization of natrolite crystals (secured from Ajanta, Aurangabad District, Maharashtra, India) by X-ray diffraction, IR-Spectroscopy and Chemical analysis was carried out. Thermal behaviour of transparent and translucent crystals was studied using thermogravimetric/ differential thermal analysis (TG/DTG/DTA).

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The study of solute-solvent interaction of beryllium iodide in lower alchols (methanol, ethanol, propanol) were reported at 303 K. The molecular interactions have been carried out by computing various acoustic parameters (Intermolecular free length (Lf), Isentropic compressibility (bs), Specific acoustic impedance (z), Apparent molal adiabatic compressibility (fK), Relative association and solvation number ('S'n). These parameters have been evaluated by using ultrasonic-velocity, density and viscosity datas. The results are discussed in the light of solute-solvent interaction between the molecules.

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Vibrational (Infrared and Laser Raman) spectra and molecular polarizability of 2,6-pyridine di-methanol have been reported. Vibrational assignments have been made on the basis of related molecules and polarizability has been calculated by using Lippincott and Stutman model.

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Eight different type of heulandite crystals were collected from Marathwada region of India. These were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimeterc analysis (TG) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The intensities of the peaks of XRD?s have been compared. The weigth loss due to desertion of water has been estimated by therogravimetric analysis. The framework structure of these heulandite crystals were studied by infrared spectroscopy.

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Kinetic investigations of oxidation of Cyclopentanone and Cyclooctanone by Cerium (IV) in H2SO4 medium in acetic acid -water (1:1) solution have been made in the temperature range 50 - 800 C iodometrically. The reaction is first order with respect to both Ce (IV) and the substrate. Corresponding 1, 2- diaketones are found to be oxidation product. H2SO4 shows negative acid catalyzed effect on reaction rate, while positive effect of ionic strength on rate constant is observed. Reaction rate increases with acetic acid concentration. Magnitude of Arrhenius parameters indicates the bimolecular nature of the reaction. Salt effect and low energy values support the formation of intermediate complex, decomposition of which is slow and rate determining step. A suitable mechanism is proposed.

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The high resolution magic angle spinning 29Si and 27Al spectra of a number of natural zeolites have been studied. Using the spectra information about Si/Al ratio of these natural zeolites is obtained.

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Treating with ion exchange resin has chemically modified Phenylpropranolamine hydrochloride to form an oral controlled release beads using ions exchange chromatography. A strong cation exchange resin was utilized for the loading of drug and the drug resinates were evaluated for various physical and chemical parameters. UV-Visible spectroscopy and pH paper test confirmed the reaction carried out on Phenylpropranolamine hydrochloride.

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The present study deals with the infrared absorption spectrum of 1-bromo-3-fluoro-4-iodobenzene. The infrared absorption spectrum of 1-bromo-3-fluoro-4-iodobenzene has been recorded on Perkin Elmer spectrophotometer in the region 400-4000 cm-1 using KBr pellet technique. The analysis of spectrum has been made and the assignment of fundamental frequencies to various modes of vibration have been proposed by using these frequencies.

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A controlled release Drug delivery system is one which delivers the drug at a predetermined rate, locally or systematically for a specified period of time. Conventional dosage forms can be modified to CRDDS by the use of suitable polymers to minimize their complications such as toxicity, solubility, frequency and high dosing, etc. In this review various aspects of Polymers and CRDDS are explored.

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