Table of Contents - Volume 18 Number 1

Parts and constructions performance in the marine environments are subjected to high stress a priori to the measures of wind and waves. This review involve about the hybrid composite fabrication from artificial fibers of polymer composite. Hybrid composite furnish combination of property such as tensile modulus, compressive and impact strength which cannot realized in composite materials. The materials used for marine propellers of a varying number of blades with the fixed and controllable pitch having different diameters and skew angles and type of propellers were reviewed. Structural simulation, erosion wear tests, cavitations, bend twist coupling analyses, CFD case studies, fluid simulation method reviewed in this paper.

Glass fiber composites proved to be economical and its adaptable in economical point of view. Carbon fiber composite propellers have more advantages than others with little compromise. In current scenario hybrid composite have been established as highly efficient, structural materials, high performances and their use is rapidly increasing. The current paper outline the utilizing of hybrid composite material for marine propellers as their versatility in enhancing good results.

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Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a digitally-controlled additive manufacturing technique used for fast prototyping. This paper reviews various 3D printing techniques like Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused Deposition Modeling,  (FDM), Semi-solid extrusion (SSE), Stereolithography (SLA), Thermal Inkjet (TIJ) Printing, and Binder jetting 3D Printing along with their application in the field of medicine. Normal medicines are based on the principle of “one-size-fits-all”. This is not true always, it is possible medicine used for curing one patient is giving some side effects to another. To overcome this drawback “3D Printed medicines” are developed. In this paper, 3D printed medicines forming different Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) are reviewed. Printed medicines are capable of only curing the diseases, not for the diagnosis. Nanomedicines have “theranostic” ability which combines therapeutic and diagnostic. Nanoparticles are used as the drug delivery system (DDS) to damaged cells’ specific locations. By the use of nanomedicine, the fast recovery of the disease is possible. The plant-based nanoparticles are used with herbal medicines which give low-cost and less toxic medication called nanobiomedicine. 4D and 5D printing technology for the medical field are also enlightened in this paper.

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Perimidines are available in an assortment of drugs and general use industrial structures and perimidines are also significant primary theme because of their extraordinary method of physiological activity. Thus the underlying significance of perimidine moiety has evoked a lot of interest in the field of natural blend and compound science to build up some better than ever amalgamation of this atomic skeleton. In this review, we have depicted a modern outline on the new advances in the different manufactured approaches of perimidine. The review covers the essential applied and down to earth synergist blend like, green methodologies, metal catalysed responses, microwave illumination, grinding and so forth which are critical for developing perimidine skeleton. This review will fulfil the assumptions for peruses who are keen on the advancement of the field and searching for an update. It will animate analysts to grow new and innovative manufactured admittance to this heterocyclic framework, which will be instrumental in the headway of perimidine science.This review provides an overview of various synthetic methodologies for the synthesis of a wide range of perimidine derivatives with applications in material chemistry, drug discovery, polymer chemistry, photo sensors, dye chemistry, and other fields.

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Thermoplastic elastomer-based fibers have many advantages including lightness, flexibility, resilience. Styrene-[ethylene-(ethylene-propylene)]-styrene (SEEPS) is a styrenic block copolymer based thermoplastic elastomer and it can be used for many applications with many functions as a matrix, compatibilizer, modifier or adhesive. It has good resistance to oxidizing agents, weathering, aging, and it can be used under various conditions. In this study, SEEPS block copolymer fibers were electrospun. This study is the first study about the electrospinning of SEEPS block copolymer in the literature. Various spinning solutions were used, and process was optimized by changing the electrospinning conditions.  Fiber morphology was analyzed by an optical microscope and fiber diameter distribution histograms were drawn. In order to understand the effects of polymer concentration on electrospinning, viscosity of the spinning solutions was measured. Although electrospinning conditions were found to be critical in terms of spinnability, solution concentration and viscosity were the most significant factors for obtaining flexible SEEPS based fibrous nonwoven mats.

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Barium hexaferrite (BaFe₁₂O₁₉; M-type; BaM) is an important, cost effective magnetic material for permanent magnet applications. The magnetic properties of the prepared samples, and the purity of the BaMphasedepend critically on the synthesis route and experimental conditions. In this study, BaM hexaferrites were preparedby co-precipitation method using two different values of pH for the precursor solutions (11.0 and 12.5), and sintering pellets of the co-precipitates at 860, 920 and 990 °C.The prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that thesamplesprepared with pH = 12.5 consisted of a single BaM phase at all sintering temperatures. However,the patterns of thesamples with pH = 11.0 did not reveal the existenceof BaM at 860 °C, whereasa major BaM phase (86 – 87 wt.%) was observedat 920 and 990 °C with a minor α-Fe₂O₃ phase. The thermomagnetic curves confirmed the BaM magnetic phase in the samples. The hysteresis loops of the BaM samples showed characteristics of hard magnetic materials with relatively high saturation magnetization. Analysis of the magnetic data indicated an intrinsic coercivity H_ci~ 5 kOe for all samples, and a saturation specific magnetization in the range σ_s = 56.0 – 66.3 emu/g, which are suitable for permanent magnet applications. The practical coercivity (H_cB), residual induction (B_r) and maximum energy product (BH)_max of the samples with pH = 12.5 are higher than those of the samples with pH = 11.0, and the highest magnetic parameters of H_cB = 1871 Oe, B_r = 2384 G, and (BH)_max = 8.92 kJ/m³ were observed for the sample with pH = 12.5 and sintered at 860 °C.

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The present research deals with the fabrication of stannous oxide nanoparticles by conventional and cost effective co precipitation method. The thick film sensors of SnO₂ nanoparticles were prepared by standard screen-printing technique by photolithography. The prepared SnO₂ material was characterized by several techniques to confirm the structural properties. Initially, the prepared nanoparticles of SnO₂ were investigated by x-ray diffraction technique to confirm the synthesis of prepared material within nanoscale. From XRD data the average particle size of prepared thick films was found to be 21.87 nm calculated using Debye-Scherer formula. The material was further characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the structural and surface characteristic of SnO₂. SEM data clearly indicates the heterogeneous surface, and some voids present over the surface of SnO₂ nanoparticles. The Fourier transfer infra red technique was employed to investigate the metal oxygen frequency of SnO₂ material. The prepared sensor was exclusively utilized to sense the hydrogen sulfide gas vapors at various concentrations. The prepared sensor was found to be highly sensitive to H₂S vapors nearly 63.8% sensitivity was recorded. The response and recovery study shows the response time of 9 seconds and recovery time of 19 seconds for hydrogen sulfide gas vapors. The SnO₂ sensor was further utilized for recycling performance to get the firm results of sensitivity in four turns with period of 15 days.

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In the present study, 2-(p-tolyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidine (TDHP) is synthesized from 1,8-naphthalenediamine and 4-methylbenzaldehyde by embedding a one-carbon unit between the nitrogen followed by ring closure using green chemistry approach. ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectral techniques were used to validate the structure of the TDHP. The synthesized perimidine TDHP is studied using density functional theory (DFT) to provide valuable insights into structural, chemical, and thermochemical study.The structural and chemical properties of TDHP were computed using the DFT method on the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) basis package. Bond lengths were predicted from the optimised molecular structure, and the physical and chemical properties of the molecules were inferred as a consequence. The HOMO and LUMO are computed, and quantum chemical parameters are determined using electronic energies. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energy gap is 4.25 eV indicating charge transfer phenomenon within the molecule. The electron density and chemical behaviour of the TDHP was predicted using Mulliken atomic charges and the molecular electrostatic surface potential plot.Amongst all carbon atoms, the C8  carbon as more positive and C27 as more negative carbon atoms. The high global electrophilicity index suggests electrophilic character of the TDHP.The harmonic vibrational frequencies were used to measure total energy, total molar entropy, and molar heat capacity.

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Present investigation deals with the synthesis and density functional theory study (DFT) of a chalcone derivative; (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (CPMPP). The synthesis of a CPMPP has been carried out by the reaction of 4-methoxyacetophenone and 4-chlorobenzalehyde in ethanol at 30 ℃ under ultrasound irradiation. The structure of a synthesized chalcone is affirmed on the basis of FT-IT, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. The geometry of a CPMPP is optimized by using the density functional theory method at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis set. The optimized geometrical parameters like bond length and bond angles have been computed. The absorption energies, oscillator strength, and electronic transitions have been derived at the TD-DFT method at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory for B3LYP/6-31G(d p) optimized geometries. The effect of polarity on the absorption energies is discussed by computing UV-visible results in dichloromethane (DCM). Since theoretically obtained wavenumbers are typically higher than experimental wavenumbers, computed wavenumbers were scaled with a scaling factor, and vibrational assignments were made by comparing experimental wavenumbers to scaled theoretical wavenumbers. Quantum chemical parameters have been determined and examined. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface plot analysis has been carried out at the same level of theory. Mulliken atomic charge study is also discussed in the present study.

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Composite materials are defined as material systems consisting of mixture of or combination of two or more micro constituents insoluble in each other and differing in form and or material composition. In this study Metal Matrix Composite (MMCs) has been produced using stir casting method for performing the mechanical properties. Most of the engineering industries want light and better mechanical properties of components; this can be achieved by MMCs of Aluminium because of its excellent performance. In this research work we fabricate the Aluminium by liquid route. Here Al 7075 is used as a base metal and Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) used as sub metal with various percentages. Experiments were conducted to analyze microstructure, hardness & tensile strength. By using optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) we analyze the sample specimens are well dispersion in MWCNT with AA 7075. Hardness and tensile strength increases with increasing of wt. %. Hardness of material increases with increase in percentages of MWCNT, whereas tensile strength of the material increases with increase in percentages of MWCNT and Elongation reduces

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