Introduction General India produces more than 300 million tons of industrial waste annually from chemical and agricultural processes. These materials have issues with  waste, health risks, and visual issues. Recycled paper fibers can only be used a certain number of times before they become too weak or short to be used to produce high-quality paper. It indicates that the fragmented, …

Introduction Nano ferrite particles are recently finding potential applicant in automated industries due to their desirable optical and electrical properties1-2. Due to different properties of ferrites it has been prepared to meet the remarkable uses in microwave fields, engineering, permanent magnet, transformer core and memory chips etc. The spinel ferrites are semiconducting in nature. The electrical property depends on several …

Introduction In recent years, there has been significant interest in the study of charge transport in molecular junctions (MJs). These systems consists of a molecule sandwiched between two metal electrodes. Understanding the nature of charge transport across these interfaces is of crucial importance for the improvement in molecular electronics. One class of molecules that has been studied as potential candidates …

Introduction Calcium silicate ceramics are used as a biomaterial owing to their excellent characteristics such as biocompatibility, bioactivity and biodegradability 1-3. Calcium silicate ceramics are mostly used in dentistry, orthopaedics, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering 3-6. They are also utilized in cosmetic formulations as absorbent, opacifying agent, and bulking agent 7. Calcium silicate ceramics are especially preferred in dental …

Introduction Metal foam is a cellular structure consisting of a solid metal as matrix and voids which are interconnected resulting in lighter weight and porous structure. Metal foam can be used as a lightweight structural material in aerospace, automotive, and construction industries. It provides high strength to weight ratio and high impact resistance making it useful in crash-worthy components, armor …

Introduction Concrete stands out as one of the most versatile and predominant building materials due to its ability to be molded to fit various structural shapes. It is easily accessible in urban areas and is cost-effective. While concrete exhibits considerable strength under compression, it is relatively weak under tension. Concrete has many benefits, including great compressive strength, remarkable water resistance, …

Introduction Concrete Concrete is an integrated material that is mostly made up of water, aggregate, and cement. Over time, the cement forms a robust matrix that binds the other ingredients together, resulting in a durable, rigid material with diverse applications such as in buildings and pavements. The utilization of concrete on a large scale was pioneered by the ancient Romans, …

Introduction General Concrete is regarded as a maintenance-free, long-lasting material. “Cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water” are the ingredients of concrete. The use of huge amounts of cement and fine aggregate is made possible by the crucial role that concrete plays roads, among other things. The energy crisis has made matters worse by driving up the price of producing …

Introduction To tackle the problem of pollution, increase and rapidly depleting fossil fuel deposits, transfer from traditional energy sources to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and tidal energy is priority. In the same efforts the world has turned towards the most efficient energy form that is electricity. Now to be able to produce and use this electricity as …

Introduction Conventional high-strength aluminium alloys are strengthened using various mechanisms such as grain size refinement, solid solution and others 1-2. To meet even higher tensile strength requirements at elevated temperatures; different strengthening techniques have been considered to produce nanostructured aluminium based alloys 3-4. A number of techniques such as mechanical alloying (MA), severe plastic deformation (SPD) and others have emerged …

Introduction Porous ceramics have a wide range of industrial applications, such as filtration, absorption, thermal insulation, scaffolds, and catalyst supports with high specific strength, low density, and excellent thermal properties 1. The production method for the porous ceramic materials varies according to the desired pore size and distribution. Partial sintering, sacrificial templating, direct foaming, and the use of pore-forming agents …

Climate, the intricate coordinator of seasons and the creator of ecosystems, is crucial in shaping our world and affecting every aspect of its inhabitants. Climate change has accelerated recently, making it one of humanity’s most critical concerns. Rising sea levels and more extreme weather events, agriculture, and water resources disruptions are already being felt worldwide due to global warming. Amid unprecedented environmental …

Introduction Numerous academics have been interested in pulsating flow because of its impact on heat transfer[16]. The efficiency of pulsating flow in terms of heat transfer through various geometries has been studied extensively in numerical and experimental research. Due to the significant importance of internal forced convection phenomena in many engineering applications, the studies of pulsing heat transfer and flow …

Introduction The first is that, the nitroaromatic complexes are extremely difficult to find in nature. So, the primary reason for their identification is that we are human 1. Human activities play a significant role in identifying these compounds, and the main thing is that these are explained in nature 2. Nitro- Aromatic compounds played a huge role in an industrial …

Introduction Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are very reactive molecules that are produced by cells during respiration and cell-mediated immunological responses. The disease will develop if cellular defenses against reactive oxygen species are ineffective. Antioxidants are essential to prevent oxidative damage because different disease processes can occasionally thwart these defense mechanisms 1. Medicinal plants have been an integral …

Introduction After the QGP predicted a fresh era of matter, the nucleus-nucleus and hadron-nucleus couplings attracted a great deal of interest from physicists all over the world because they provide a concise description of nuclear nature’s 1-5. Nuclear decentralization is a unique experimental miracle in nucleus-nucleus collision at relativistic energy 1. The study of nuclear fragmentation provides the brief details …

Introduction Significant developments in several scientific and technical fields have been made possible by the area of nanotechnology in recent years. One of the most promising uses of nanotechnology is the production of polymer nanocomposites that can be used for energy storage. Nanoparticles/nanofillers are placed inside a polymer matrix in order to develop these materials. Materials with enhanced electrical, mechanical, …

Introduction Corrosion losses in India are estimated at about 6500 US dollars per year 1. At high temperatures, corrosion can lead to hot corrosion, a process that accelerates oxidation 2. This occurs when the metal surface is covered with a salt layer. Numerous reactive species, such as ash content, moisture content, and alkali earth metal content, are produced as a …

The fabrics are made antibacterial by incorporating antimicrobial agents into them1-3. A cheap and practical alternative can be to prolong the efficacy of the fabric like PPEs by providing intrinsically antimicrobial properties directly onto the fiber materials. Recently, metal nanoparticles (NPs) as antimicrobial agents have increasingly been used in textile research due to their unique large surface-to-volume ratio, physico- chemical …

The importance of novel materials in day-to-day life is vast, reverberating across an extensive array of fields. Materials science is a dynamic arena that can transform the contemporary and forthcoming lifestyle of humankind by nurturing innovation and economic growth. It addresses most of the global concerns, together with ecological deprivation and resource scarcity. Nevertheless, the desideratum for sustainable materials has …

Introduction Considering the mechanical complexity, the expanded cost of installation and the high demand for maintenance associated with installing the propulsion design in mechanically driven torpedoes can provide reasonable clarification. During the past half decade, improving the propulsion has removed the need for sophisticated transmission systems and brought coupled contra rotating propellers (CCRP) back to life. Due to the growing …

Introduction Bioplastics are made from biomass components such as  lipids, polysaccharides and proteins. 1-3. These synthetic materials derived from renewable organic resources have been demonstrated to be efficient alternatives for petroleum-based plastics, and they are expected to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and the amount of plastic trash generated 4. Bioplastics have the potential to alleviate the problem of …

Introduction Steel materials are widely used in industry. But the environmental conditions and/or the thermal solicitations in which they are used provoke the degradation of their properties and sometimes their destruction by oxidation. Oxidation is the degradation process of a metallic material that reacts with gaseous phases when exposed to temperatures above 500°C 1. Indeed, during the process, oxidative gases …

Introduction Rubber is a widely recognized polymer that possesses exceptional properties such as superior abrasion resistance, tear resistance, elongation, flexibility, and resilience. Natural rubber products are typically categorized as dry rubber and latex based products1. Besides, NR has excellent dynamic properties, significant building track, and low-heat building-up2. Techniques such as coating, casting, extrusion, foaming, molding, and dipping are commonly used …

Introduction Aluminum (Al) is the most abundantly used nonferrous alloy in engineering and structural applications due to its high strength to weight ratio. Especially in automobile and aircraft industries, Aluminum and its alloys widely used because of its reduction in weight and good mechanical properties1. less utilization of steel family materials due to the invent of metallurgy in Al and …

Introduction Energy is the capacity of a physical system to perform work. Energy must be transferred to an object to perform work on it. Various resources of energy include the following: Radiant energy It is the energy of electromagnetic waves. For example, energy of the photons (particles of light) from the sun, the energy possessed by vibrating particles, X-rays, electricity, …

Introduction Metal matrix composites (MMC) are gaining importance in various industrial applications due to their superior mechanical properties compared to conventional metals. However, machining of MMC is a challenging task due to the presence of hard ceramic particles in the matrix, which leads to rapid tool wear, high cutting forces, and poor surface finish. Therefore, optimization of cutting parameters is …

Introduction The discharge of heavy metals into aquatic ecosystems has raised global concerns over the past few decades. These contaminants are introduced into water bodies through effluents from various industries, including paper and pulp, petrochemicals, automobiles, and battery manufacturing. While several methods, such as precipitation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and membrane filtration, have been employed to remove heavy metals.  Most …

Introduction Matoa or Taun is a fruit plant that is the identity of Papua flora, which is spread in almost every area, including: the Seko land (Jayapura), Wondoswaar-Weoswar Island, Anjai Kebar, Warmare, Armina-Bintuni, Ransiki, Pami-Nuni (Manokwari), Samabusa-Nabire, and the island of Yapen 1. Matoa is known by various names, such as Kasai (North Kalimantan, Malaysia, Indonesia), Malugai (Philippines), and Taun …

Introduction Numerous studies have been conducted since the invention of radar to create radar-absorbing materials. This material is beneficial for antenna pattern shaping, radar cross reduction, and EMI reduction. The radar absorbing materials work by absorbing radar electromagnetic radiation 1. The magnetic and dielectric properties of the materials influence the absorption of the E-M wave. The absorbing material must have …

Introduction The green and clean solar power resources are achieving the world-wide energy needs, also it reduces the environmental issues like emission of various harmful pollutants which including Carbon-di-Oxide, Carbon Monoxide and Greenhouse gases1. The demand of energy in world could be increased around 30% by the year 2040 2, 3. Fossil fuels are frequently used over the years to …

Introduction Energy is an important material basis for the survival and progress of human society. With the deepening of social industrialization and the exponential growth of population, the human society is increasingly dependent on energy, and the excessive and rapid consumption of energy is one of the problems that the society needs to solve urgently 1. The rapid consumption of …

Introduction Functionally graded materials are superior advanced materials with tailoring properties for the customer end product. Properties alter by controlling the constituent base matrix and reinforcement materials, which conventional alloys and composites are not possible. Tailoring properties makes them suitable for overcoming a wide variety of demanding problems such as thermal gradation, thermal mismatch, toughness, wear, corrosion, and impact. The …

The articles carefully selected for this issue is in line with the aims and scope of the journal, which is promoting the design, optimization and discovery in new solid materials. The materials of interest include but not limited to, ceramics, polymers, semiconductors, magnetic materials, biological and medical materials, and nanomaterial. The highlights of this issue include: (i) articles on the …

Introduction Recently the study of nanomaterials are achieving more attention due to its surprising properties such as size, shape, morphology, compressible properties, and their structural properties changed with pressure, volume, and temperature 1, 2. So its extraordinary properties mechanical, thermal and electronic properties make it more relievable for developing several multi functional applications 3. Synthesized and electrochemical anodizations experimental were studied …

Introduction The temperature at which the first ice crystal can form and grow is the initial freezing temperature of a mixture (Stefl and George, 2000). The freezing point of water drops when a solute is added to it. Freezing point depression is the term used to describe the difference between the freezing temperature of pure water and that of a …

Introduction In nanoscience field cubic spinel ferrite have (MFe2O4, M = Zn, Mg, Co, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Ni) excellent magnetic properties due to their particle size and shape. Spinel ferrites nanoparticles are prepared with different method like Microemulsion, Ultrasonic (Sonochemical), non-hydrolytic, Sol-gel, Microwave-Assisted, Mechanical Milling, solvothermal, electrochemical synthesis, Coprecipitation and Hydrothermal methods. Spinel ferrite nanoparticles have different shapes like …

Introduction Aluminum alloys are used in several applications ranges from Automotive to Aerospace applications due to its tremendous light weightiness 1-2. Various types of reinforcements can be added such as Silicon carbide 3, Alumina 4, aluminium nitride 5, and granite 6 to Aluminum alloys to impart wear resistance properties. The novel invention of nano-materials such as CNT’s revolution the materials …

Introduction As the world’s population has been rising, demand for the world’s finite energy resources is increasing. As a result, researchers are becoming increasingly interested in the use of renewable energy sources. Extensive research has been conducted in energy storage devices in addition to energy conversion. There are two types of electrochemical storage: batteries and supercapacitors. Dual-ion battery systems have …

Introduction Styrene-[ethylene-(ethylene-propylene)]-styrene (SEEPS) is a styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). Basically it is a block copolymer with rigid styrene blocks and elastomeric ethylene-(ethylene-propylene) blocks. Styrene blocks function as hard segments those form physical cross-linking centers between elastomeric phase 1–3.  Because of so called physical-crosslinks, SEEPS is highly flexible with good recoverability and resilience those make it a promising material for various …

Introduction Shot peening ranks among the most important surface treatments and with the greatest potential for development in the near future also thanks to its ductility of use, which allows its application in many industrial sectors, and to the reduced environmental impact (shot peening does not require the disposal of toxic waste) 1-4. This treatment basically consists of bombarding the …

Today, the world is facing a lot of shortage of potable water due to the discharge of untreated industrial wastewater from the textiles, dying, pharmaceutical and paper industry into the natural resources that cause water pollution. This has led to a serious situation by reducing the quantity and quality of pure and potable water. Polluted water causes a long-lasting effect …

Introduction Wastewater, if managed well, can be an important water resource especially in maintaining environmental flows and groundwater recharge in dry seasons. In Harare, the water supply dams are situated downstream of the city in order to increase the catchment yields. However, this has brought to the fore the issue of pollution from untreated wastewater streams from both domestic and …

Introduction Construction history is a pillar for developing the modern-day construction strategies proposed by engineers. The authors have demonstrated several reports and ideas to make construction easy and reliable worldwide. Composite columns are built involving different blends of underlying steel and cement to utilize the beneficial properties of every material. The integral and interactive way of behaving of concrete and …

 Introduction GaN nanostructures have been widely studied, because of their physical and chemical properties compared to those of bulk structure1,2. Small size, band gap shifts and high surface to volume ratio were opened many possibilities for various potential applications in optoelectronics devices. To create GaN nanostructures there are two major methods, bottom up or top down. The bottom up growth …

Introduction The tribological properties of the interacting surfaces may be enhanced by the surface texturing of any one or both the surfaces in contact. The surface texturing methods like burnishing, vibro rolling, embossing, chemical etching, laser surface texturing etc. are generally used for the fabrication of textures on the interacting surfaces. Amongst all these laser surface texturing method is mostly …

Introduction The space-based solar power (SBSP) [1] means to gather solar energy in space and distribute it to Earth. Because there is no darkness in space, we can create more electric power. However, on Earth, 50 to 60% of solar energy is wasted as it travels through the atmosphere. Due to the high cost of transporting material into orbit, space-based …

Biosensors have been widely used in a variety of applications since its inception by Clark et.al., in 1962 including cancer diagnosis, toxin detection, food analysis, health prognosis, etc. 1-5. A biological receptor and a physical-chemical transducer are typically combined to form biosensors, analytical devices that translate biological responses into electrical signals. While the latter translates responses from the biochemical domain, …